写真(上左)：1943年5月，アッツ島の日本軍万歳突撃が行われた「工兵隊の丘の戦い」が米軍勝利のうちに終了。日本軍将兵を殲滅してアッツ島を陥落させ，笑顔の米軍将兵たち。The aftermath of the Battle for Engineer Hill.This battle sealed the fate of the Japanese Army on Attu. It was their last stand. Fred Messing was with the 50th Combat Engineers on Attu in May of 1943. He was a 1st Lieutenant at the time. Fred helped stop a Banzai attack of up to 600 Japanese soldiers on Engineer Hill. He was awarded the Purple Heart as a result of wounds received in the left arm by rifle fire. He later received a Bronze Star with "V" for that action. Frederick 。図(上右)：1943年5月,アッツ島で戦死した日本陸軍将兵の屍：日本へ600人による万歳突撃，工兵隊の丘の戦いの後。写真は2枚ともMessing's Attu Scrapbook by Frederick (Andy) Messing, Jr.引用。
写真(右)：1942年6月-1943年5月のアッツ島の日本軍守備隊：野外での撮影は，フラッシュがないので，日射を確保するためであろう。しかし，天候の良い日は，雪の反射で室内でも撮影できた。図(上右)：カマクラのような塹壕式陣地：イアン・ビートン氏提供。Ian Beaton ("They Also Serve") Ian arrived on Shemya Island in November 1943, and stayed through July 1945. While on Shemya, Ian had a friend who had access to the Shemya Air Base Photo Lab. His friend found a roll of film that had belonged to a Japanese soldier stationed on Attu. The Japanese soldier to whom the film belonged was more than likely killed in the Battle for Attu some time during May of 1943, as there were only 28 surviving Japanese soldiers. There's no evidence the film belonged to any of these 28 survivors. Ian had prints made from this roll of negative film in 1943, with the U.S. Army censor's stamp on the back of each photo. Ian sent these photos home to his family in 1944. For several years Ian has been trying to get these photos to the surviving families of the soldiers seen in these photos. In August of 2003, Ian's story along with two of the photos appeared in "The Yomiuri Shimbun," one of the largest newspapers in Japan, with no results. Ian was kind enough to allow us to publish these photos on our web site, with hopes that perhaps someone in Japan or elsewhere will recognize the soldiers in these photos. These photos were taken on Attu sometime between June 6th of 1942 and May 10th of 1943, when Attu was re-captured by the Allies from the Japanese.
1943年5月Attu Battlefield and U.S. Army and Navy Airfields on AttuからみたアッツAttu攻防戦の経緯 1942年6月7日，キスカKiskaとアッツAttuの両島を日本軍が占領したが，当時これらの島に米軍は配備されていなかった。日本軍も冬季の厳しい気候のため，夏季のみ一時的に占領するつもりでいた。しかし，米軍反抗を察知して，占領し続けることになり，第303独立歩兵旅団を含む陸軍守備隊が投入された。1943年4月には山崎保代大佐が潜水艦で着任し，アッツ守備隊司令官となった。しかし，米軍も占領された固有の領土アリューシャン列島を手放すわけには行かない。日本軍への反撃を開始する。 1942年8月7日、米海軍は重巡洋艦2隻、軽巡洋艦3隻、駆逐艦4隻でキスカ島を艦砲砲撃した。また、米軍航空部隊はアリューシャン列島に飛行場を整備した。飛行場は、1942年9月にアダック島Adak, 1943年2月にアムチトカ島Amchitkaに完成した。そこから，日本の占領している米国領キスカ,アッツを空襲した。1943年3月27日、アッツ島への補給物資輸送部隊が、輸送を阻止しようとした米艦隊と交戦（アッツ島沖海戦）。これ以降、海上輸送は途絶し、潜水艦による小規模な輸送だけが行われた。
25 February 1943:呉を出航，千島列島北端占守島幌延(パラムシロ)着,アッツ，キスカシマエの補給任務を開始。 1943/3/23:パラムシロ出航，キスカ補給に向かう。 1943/3/25:10 miles S of Agattu Island. The I-31 arrives in her patrol area. 1943/4/1:北東方面担当の第五艦隊に所属。 Rear Admiral Koda Takero's SubRon 1 with the I-2, -7, -34, -35, -168, -169 and the I-171. SubRon 1's mission is to reinforce and resupply the isolated Japanese garrisons in the Aleutian Islands. The I-31, still under LtCdr Inoue, arrives at Attu. 1943/4/14:伊31は，山崎保代大佐を乗艦させ，アッツ島に赴任さすため，千島列島占守島幌延(パラムシロ)出航。 1943/4/17:伊31アッツ到着。 1943/5/8: 補給作戦のためにパラムシロ出航。 1943/5/10:キスカ到着，貨物揚陸。アッツに向け出航。
1943/5/11: 米軍「サンドクラブ作戦：アッツ攻略」Operation "Sandcrab" - The Invasion of Attu, Aleutians: Rear Admiral (later Admiral) Thomas C. Kinkaid's Task Force 16, covered by Rear Admiral Francis W. Rockwell's Task Force 51, lands elements of the Army's 4th and 7th Infantry Divisions under the command of Maj Gen Eugene M. Landrum at Holtz Bay and Massacre Bay that later capture the island. 伊31と伊34は，キスカ着。米軍のアッツ島上陸を知る。
1943/5/12: Nine miles NE of Holtz Bay, Attu. Captain William A. Corn's USS PENNSLYVANIA (BB-38) is proceeding northward, away from the island, to rejoin Captain Horace D. Clarke's IDAHO (BB-24) with which she is assigned to provide bombardment fire support.
1325，PBYカタリナ飛行艇が，魚雷2本が戦艦「ペンシルヴァニア」に向かっているのを発見，無線通報。戦艦の艦長コーン大佐は，最高速力で舵を切り，魚雷が通り過ぎるのを見た。PBYカタリナ飛行艇は潜水艦の位置を知らせる煙幕弾を投下。At 1325, a PBY "Catalina" on anti-submarine patrol, radios that two torpedoes are headed for the PENNSLYVANIA! Captain Corn maneuvers the battleship evasively at full speed. Her lookouts sight the torpedoes wakes passing safely astern. The PBY flies back along the track of the torpedo and drops a smoke bomb at the point from where the torpedo had been fired.
アッツ守備隊は，敵戦艦が周囲を機銃掃射した後，近くで爆発音を2回聞いた。1937，駆逐艦DD-360は水中音波探知機ソナーで潜水艦音を探知。2分後，爆雷2初投射。潜水艦の接触を失う。The garrison of Attu reports two explosions near an enemy battleship, (possibly "end-of-run" torpedo explosions) after which the battleship starts to fire at the water around her with her small caliber guns. At 1937, LtCdr John E. Edwards' USS PHELPS (DD-360) of the PENNSYLVANIA's Screening Group makes a sound contact. At 1939, the PHELPS drops two depth charges, then loses contact.
駆逐艦2隻(DD-348，DD-619)が，潜水艦狩りを開始。10時間，ソナーを使用して捜索し，マーク6型爆雷で攻撃。Cdr Henry D. Rozendal's USS FARRAGUT (DD-348) and Lt Cdr Paul G. Osler's EDWARDS (DD-619) are detached to hunt down the submarine. For about ten hours, they conduct sonar searches and carry out attacks with Mark 6 depth charges.
1943/5/13:シカゴウ湾の北東5マイル海上に，0600，潜水艦が浮上。伊31と思われる敵潜水艦に駆逐艦「エドワード」DD-316は発砲し，撃沈。5マイル四方にディーゼル油が流れ広がった。Five miles NE of Chichagof Harbor. About 0600, the submarine - probably the I-31 - is finally forced to the surface where the EDWARDS sinks her by gunfire in about 1000 fathoms of water at 52-08N, 177-38E. Diesel oil rises and grows to cover an area of about five square miles. 1943/5/14: 伊31潜水艦は乗員95人とともに喪失と推定。
伊31潜水艦をアッツ島沖で撃沈した駆逐艦「エドワード」DD-619のデータ
GLEAVES級艦隊駆逐艦 満載排水量 2395 Tons (Full),
全長 348' 4"(oa) x 全幅 36' 1" x 全高 13' 2" (Max)
兵装 4門 x 5インチ38口径対空砲, 6門 x 0.5インチ機銃, 10門 x 21インチ魚雷(2x5).
機関 50,000 SHP; Westinghouse Geared Turbines, 2 screws
速力 35 Knots, 航続距離 6500 マイル@ 12 Knots, 乗員 208人.
進水 Federal Shipbuilding, Kearny NJ 1942/2/26，竣工 1942/9/18. 除籍1946/4/11. The Forgotten Theater US Submarine Operations in the Aleutiansによれば，アリューシャン方面では1942-1943年の2年間で,1000人以上の米国海軍潜水艦乗員が任務についた。苦労が多かった割には戦果は少なかった。 アラスカ戦線での80回以上の哨戒でたったの日本艦船撃沈(確実)はたった9隻に過ぎない。この四分の三は，真珠湾を基地とした哨戒であり，それは全哨戒の八分の一である。他方，損失は 2隻であり，S-27 と S-44，そして 母艦グニオンGrunion が撃沈された。うち2隻は乗員全員死亡である。In retrospect it is an extraordinary tribute to the seamanship, dedication, and perseverance of the men who suffered and died there that an even larger toll of ships and men was not exacted by the many perils of the williwaw, the frozen and desolate islands, and those awful seas.極北の海での悪天候と恐怖に米軍潜水艦乗員も，苦闘していた。
Elmendorf Air Foece Base：History of the Eleventh Air Forceによれば，1943年4月の期間中，第11航空軍は，合計 延べ1,175機出撃し，771トンの爆弾を投下した。アッツ島攻略が開始された1943年5月初旬からは，悪天候のために，出撃不可能な日が多く，アッツ島抗力の約20日の期間中，わずか11日しか，航空部隊は出撃できなかった。この11日間の出撃回数は，延べ904機で，合計541トンの爆弾を投下した。 Because of the poor weather, air support was limited to 11 days during the battle. The Eleventh Air Force, however, was able to fly 904 sorties and drop 541 tons of bombs during May. Most of the effort was directed against Attu.
米軍のアッツ攻撃は1943年5月7日の予定であった。キンケード提督(少将)R. Adm. Thomas C. Kinkaid(北太平洋方面軍North Pacific Force)は, ロックウェル提督(少将)R. Adm. Francis W. Rockwellとともに，ブラウン少将Maj. Gen. Albert E. Brownの指揮する第7師団に上陸地点確保を命じた。戦艦３隻(Pennsylvania, Idaho,Nevada)が支援艦砲射撃を行った。
悪天候が続いたために5月11日まで上陸は延期されたが，北部海岸への上陸は計画通り実施された。ホルツ海岸Holtz Bay 北西のRed Beachには，アラスカ部隊の一部と歩兵第17連隊17th Infantry Regimentがあり， 歩兵第32連隊32nd Infantry Regimentとともに日本軍陣地のあるホルツ海岸に向けて南下した。
日本軍は虐殺渓谷 Massacre Valley 上部に陣取っており，濃霧を利用して隠れていた。しかし，夕方に日本軍は反撃を開始した5月13日までに日本軍の抵抗は続いたが，第32連隊の残りの部隊，歩兵第4連隊が虐殺海岸に上陸した。日本軍を排除できないため，キンケード提督はブラウン将軍を更迭し陸軍のランドルー少将Maj. Gen. Eugene M. Landrum をアッツ部隊指揮官に任命した。
写真(上左)：1943年5月，アッツ島を行軍する米第7師団将兵：野営用具を運搬。
"Attu Island -- When American forces landed on Attu Island early last May at two points, Massacre Bay, and north of Holtz Bay, the Jap [ Japanese ] garrison on the fog-shrouded Aleutian outpost began living on borrowed time. Today, with the exception of a mere handful of prisoners, every Nip [ Nipponese ] on the island is dead and the U.S. troops are in complete control. Now, the U.S. is directing its attention to wiping the Japs [ Japanese ] from Kiska, the main stronghold in the Aleutians. These photos, (above), were taken during the actual fighting, as Americans who landed north of Holtz Bay, clawed their way up and over precipitous cliffs under heavy sniper, machine gun and anti-aircraft gun fire, to smash and capture the Nip [ Nipponese ] base on Holtz Bay. Within one week, forces under Col. Frank Culin, of Tucson, Ariz., and Maj. Albert V. Hartl, of Bismarck, N.D., advanced over the difficult terrain and captured the well-stocked and well-fortified Japanese Holtz Bay base. (Passed by Censors). "Ammunition carriers sheltered behing a hill, move up to new American positions from the west arm of Holtz Bay.
Alaska's Digital Archives 引用。写真(上右)：アッツ島で日本軍を砲撃する米陸軍105ミリ榴弾砲："This 105-mm gun and its crew poured more than 2000 rounds of shells into Jap [ Japanese ] positions in the course of four days battling at Attu. Jap [ Japanese ] positions blasted were in the Massacre-Chichagof Pass. With the Aleutian base again in American hands, Japs [ Japanese ] stationed on Kiska are becoming the center of attraction for our bombers in the cold country."Alaska's Digital Archives 引用.
U.S.S. NASSAU CVE-16
1943/4/30 : 護衛空母「ナッソウ」NASSAU はアラスカのCold Bayで,戦艦(IDAHO, NEVADA)他と集合。 J.F. BELL, CHANDLER, DALE, FARRAGUT, KANE, HULL, MACDONNOUGH, HARRIS, LONG, HEYWOOD, ZEILIN, MONAGHAN, PHELPS, ABNER READ, MEADE, EDWARDS, HEED, SICARD, ARDIS,PRUITT, PERIDA, and W.L. THOMPSON.
1943/5/6 : 米陸軍歩兵部隊がアッツ島上陸。06:23 護衛空母「ナッソウ」は，F4F「ワイルドキャット」戦闘機を4機を発進させ，爆撃を含む地上支援任務にあたらせた。08:00に初めのF4Fが帰還したが，バリアに衝突し破損。パイロットは無傷だった。
08:10, 濃霧のため， Paul BeamontのF4Fは，駆逐艦MONAGHANの舷側着水するように指示された。4時間アッツ島を攻撃した後，彼は不時着した。しかし，駆逐艦の直ぐそばに着水したため，駆逐艦の進行に巻き込まれ,行方不明になった。 後に，発見され，駆逐艦MONAGHANに拾い上げられた。彼の遺体は，空母ナッソウが作戦海域にある間，甲板に置かれていた。This was his sole combat flight in the Aleutians.
Ted Condoは，ホルツ湾を爆撃して帰還し，Bud Kellyは, 感染の上空支援に当たったが，アッツ島からの攻撃はなかったと証言した。
08:28, F4F-3が1機,甲板で衝突,パイロットに怪我はなかった。もう1機のF4F-3は09:15に着艦, パラシュート火炎信号弾parachute flareが壊れて，甲板に落下した。直ぐに消火された。最後の機09:18に着艦。
第二次攻撃は，14:45に始まり14:53までにF4F-4が8機発艦した。1機が15:18に緊急着水。 15:35に A. J. Kostrzewskyは, 駆逐艦AYLWINに拾い上げられた。16:03に最後のF4Fが着艦して，飛行終了。
写真(上左)：アッツ島日本軍守備隊の残した写真：フィリピン戦で米軍のM3スチュアート軽戦車を撃破した記念撮影と思われる。37ミリ砲弾を握っている兵士も写っている。米軍がアッツ島で鹵獲した写真の1枚。Allan R. Moore's
Attu Scrapbookより引用。二重の戦利品とされた記念写真である。図(上右)：アッツ島で米軍将兵に奪取された日章旗：日本の将兵は個人の私物としてお守りのような日章旗を戦地に持っていった。日章旗に「武運長久」など書入れをしたものも多い。このような日章旗は、米軍将兵の最大級の戦利品である。
写真(上左)：アッツ島で鹵獲された写真：日本軍の八九式7センチ半高射砲：独立野戦高射砲第三十三中隊と思われるが，撮影場所はアッツ島ではないかもしれない。 Axis History Forum Index » Japan at War 1895-1945 » North Sea Expeditionary Force:Aleutians引用。写真(上右)：アッツ島で米軍に鹵獲された日本軍の高射砲部隊の写真： Axis History Forum Index » Japan at War 1895-1945 » North Sea Expeditionary Force:Aleutians引用。
5/12 : Weather did not permit an early launching, but finally at 11:43 the first of two F4F-4s took off, followed at 11:47 by the second. The mission was simply to reconnoiter Attu and return to NASSAU. At 12:37 the first of eight F4F-4s loaded with two 100 lb. bombs each commenced launching and by 12:45 they were all on the way to Attu. All aircraft had been catapult launched because of insufficient wind velocity.
Condo attacked an AA battery at Holtz Bay and scored some hits, but the AA gunners scored some hits also. Condo lost his tail wheel and a 40mm projectile creased the hump behind his head. With the ceiling at only 1500 feet the AA gunners were fairly accurate. Attacks against the targets were made by flying in a "daisy chain," so the last man in was likely to get stung! Kelly, in 12135, "Bombed and strafed enemy positions holding up advancement of out troops. Attack very successful." The landing on CVE-16 was his 17th carrier landing.
The two early aircraft landed at 13:10 and 13:13 and, although some of the other planes had received damage from the heavy AA fire, the mission had been successful and all eight planes had landed between 13:25 and 13:30
The late shift began launching at 17:10, all eight being airborne by 17:20. By this time the sorties were more or less routine, and by 18:20 the last Wildcat had recovered.
"On May 12 from 02:00 until 09:00 attacking enemy planes invaded the mist of Attu, soaring over the island ceaselessly, relentlessly, as they strafed and bombed it. At this time absurd leaflets urging surrender were dropped in the Chichago of Harbor sector." (JD)
Inclement weather prevented flying by VC-21 until late in the afternoon, but some improvement allowed nine Wildcats to head for the target areas, the first departing at 17:13. By 18:48 all had been recovered by NASSAU.
5/14 : The shadow of bad luck returned to NASSAU with a vengeance. General Quarters was sounded because of sounded because of sonar report of a submarine. Aircraft were scrambled at 12:34, with Condo first off and seven others following in short order. At 12:47 another flight of four was launched. Wilson C. Kelly, in # 13 (11836)
At 14:06 the first Wildcat was taken aboard NASSAU, but when the last trap had been made there were three aircraft missing. Douglas Henderson, flying # 2 (12019) had crashed into a mountain on Attu, probably hit by AA fire. Aircraft # 10 (12074), flown by Earnest D. Jackson, suffered the same fate. Condo had been joined by the Air Group Commander, L.K. Greenamyer, on top of the cloud layer and had attacked Sarana Bay. Climbing away from the target they flew into the clouds, but when Condo emerged from the soup Greenamyer was nowhere to be seen. Condo, in 02043, returned safely to the carrier, but Greenamyer, flying # 22 (03490), failed to return. Four aircraft and three pilots had been lost.
At 09:15 Crusoe and Thorson were launched in # 25 and Evins and Alenby were launched in # 24 at 09:27 for spotting Attu shelling. At 12:58 a Grumman crashed in the water to starboard(of PENNSYLVANIA) and the pilot ( W.C. Kelly ) was rescued at 13:04 by ALWIN.
5/16: NASSAU launched four F4F-4s and one F4F-3 between 07:38 and 07:46. At 08:43 five more F4F-4s commenced launching and at 08:51 the first flight commenced landing. Another five F4F-4s commenced launching at 09:20 and ten minutes later W.P. Breeden, USMC, flying F4F-3 2526, dived into the water after being catapulted. His body was not recovered. Breeden was quite young and had not been able to carrier qualify on the way to Cold Bay. Before leaving North Island he had crashed coming aboard and almost went over the side of the ship.Five Wildcats returned at 09:43, but at 10:07 Francis R. Register, flying 02043, was seen to crash into Holtz Bay, probably the victim of AA fire. Forty-seven minutes later the last of the Wildcats started landing, all being recovered successfully.
写真(右)：1943年5月，アッツ島に出撃したのと同じＦ4Ｆ「ワイルドキャット」戦闘機；Grumman F4F-4 Wildcat US Navy。最大速度512km、兵装12.7ミリ機銃6丁、頑丈で信頼性が高かった。翼を完全に折りたためるので、空母艦上での扱いも容易であった。しかし、1943年5月の護衛空母「ナッソウ」での作戦は、濃霧と風と波のうねりという悪天候のために、不時着したり，行方不明になった搭乗員もいた。直接戦火を被ったわけではなくとも，劣悪な気候条件で，死亡者が出たのである。
5/17，5/18 : 悪天候のため，空母「ナッソウ(NASSAU)」からの艦載機出撃なし。
5/19 : 1209，空母よりF4F-4「ワイルドキャット」戦闘機4機が発進。1313までに「ワイルドキャット」 は，帰艦。Between 15:48 and 15:49 four other aircraft were launched, followed by three more between 16:32 and 16:37. Wildcat #6 damaged its landing gear upon landing and #11 crashed into the barrier. By 17:24 all aircraft had been recovered. Condo flew 12138 on one of the missions and Kelly, in 03422, flew air combat patrol.
5/20 : Weather permitted a great number of sorties from NASSAU. Starting at 13:10 . Attacking Chichagof Ridge in 03420, Condo was strafing up a valley when he realized that he was going to have a hard time getting turned around. He had to lower his wheels, drop his flaps, and open his cowl flaps, and even then the Wildcat shuddered as it turned back toward the sea. On the way out he strafed some more Japanese. Kelly, again in 03422, bombed and strafed Chicagof Harbor area, noting, "Good Hunting." When recoveries were completed at 19:18 twenty sorties had been flown.
5/21 : On the way to Adak. With the missions of the NASSAU and VC-21 had completed their duties in the unfriendly Aleutians and were ordered back to California and thence to the Western Pacific for further fame and glory. Carrier "A". as it had been called in official dispatches, was the first to launch aircraft over Alaskan waters ; was the first to launch aircraft over Alaskan waters ; and was the first to launch aircraft over Alaskan Waters ; and was the first CVE involved in amphibious landing. Wildcats had been launched on 76 missions, with 111 individual sorties.
Lt. Col. James Watt, visiting from Fighter Command Headquarters in Anchorage, Led the flight. マーシャル・ハイド大尉First Lt. Marshall Hyde の機はエンジン故障で編隊を離脱した。他の4機のパイロットは中尉 Second Lts.であり、氏名は Fred Moore, Warren Banks, John Geddes, 私ハリー・ヒギンズHarry Higginsである。
戦艦「ペンシルヴェニア」Pennsylvania にあった指揮分署command post が、敵がアッツ島上空に接近していることを告げた。
It was a fine spring day in the Aleutians with nearly a solid overcast at 5,000 feet around Attu, which became broken to scattered as we flew west of the island. I knew something was up when the drop tanks fell and Watt went to fill stink, pulling his nose up into a steep climb. I learned all the details of the engagement after landing back at Amchitka - my radio was on the blink and I heard none of the exciting conversations for the next half hour.
The use of full throttles tended to break up what had been a tight formation. Climbing through the broken clouds I spied the 16 Betty's in close line-abreast formation high above. Having seen us, they had abandoned their attack on Attu and were headed back to Paramushiro, 750 miles west. While climbing I saw the amazing sight of their jettisoned bomb load exploding on the surface of the ocean.
日本機の編隊に接近しながら、私は機銃の試射を行った。すると、機首の20ミリ機関砲が作動不能に陥っていた。20ミリ機関砲は、高性能爆薬を弾頭に装備しており、12.7ミリ機銃より強力であった。他方、我々は、日本機が20ミリ機関砲を尾部に装備していることを知っていた。また、最新の情報では、後上方の旋回砲塔にも20ミリ機関砲を装備しているらしかった。
On my first pass I learned why they were flying line-abreast. As I sucked in behind their tails in my curve-of-pursuit I was facing sixteen 20mm cannons, all firing huge tracers at my fragile body.
It was pretty exciting and my memory isn't clear about all the passes I made except the first and the last. I do recall seeing a P-38 in a big barrel-roll during the heat of the battle and I thought, "This guy is enjoying himself too much!"It was probably Warren Banks.
The Japanese were slowly descending and taking advantage of any clouds on the path. I recall seeing one of the bombers in a slow spiral with dense smoke trailing one nacelle.
As I tried to work forward for a high side attack the formation disappeared into a cloud. Continuing to climb, I entered the cloud behind them. When we all emerged I found myself directly above the bombers. I rolled over and dove on the leader, getting a long burst into him. I then found myself in a screaming dive with the North Pacific looking awfully close.
After recovering, I looked around and saw 12 Betty's and no P-38's. At this point I was feeling pretty lonesome and far from home. I was 350 miles from the nearest landing field and had been on full throttle for more than half an hour.
I waved goodbye to my new acquaintances in the Betty's and headed east. Below the clouds the horizon was blue water in all directions. I tuned my Detrola set (a low frequency radio range receiver) hoping to pick up the Attu range station. Nothing. I later learned that all the navigational radios were off the air to prevent the Japanese using them.
I recalled the sun had been on my left wing leaving Attu so I put it on my right wing, throttled back to best cruise and leaned the engines.
My precision navigation paid off when Aggatu (30 miles south of Attu) hove up over the eastern horizon. It was an easy shot to Massacre Bay on Attu our Liberator was circling. Feeling pretty good about not being lost anymore, I did a big victory roll in front of the Lib and headed east for Amchitka.
I had my lunch laid out on my lap when I did this roll and the pumpkin pie and canteen of lemonade went flying around the cockpit making a big mess and adding a little slapstick humor.
写真(右)：アッツ島日本軍守備隊の陣地を掃討する米軍将兵Jap [Japanese] exterminators at work #2：掘っ立て小屋のような隠れ家に避難していたが、掃討戦で発見され、殲滅された。Title from verso.
Photograph of an American mop-up squad clearing a Japanese gun emplacement.
Verso reads:
"Moving forward cautiously, the American mop-up squad examines this Jap [ Japanese ] dougout [sic] with makeshift, tent-like roofs. It was an enemy gun emplacement held by two Japs who refused to surrender. Smoke still rising is from hand grenades tossed in to wipe out the opposition.
FULL credit line: passed by Army Censor --WP -- (Acme) 6/11/43 (EO)."Alaska's Digital Archives引用。米軍は、日本軍の集団自決の場にアッツ島日本兵墓地The Japanese Cemeteryを作った。
1943年5月29日，残存する1,000名の日本軍将兵は万歳を叫んでシカゴウ湾からシッデンス渓谷に侵入し，Clevesy Passと「工兵隊の丘」Engineer Hillの米軍部隊に突進した。殺し殺されるkilling and being killedことになった。工兵部隊はEngineer Hillに布陣していたが堅陣であったため，攻撃を防ぎぎった。翌朝，5月30日，日本はアッツ陥落を認め(玉砕として)公表したが，米軍は死体回収・埋葬など戦場掃除作業 mopping-up operationsを継続した。
写真(右)：アッツ島で万歳突撃して殺害された日本軍将兵；藤田嗣治の戦争画では，日本軍が追い詰められて最後を全うした姿が非情に描かれている。実際，野ざらしになった戦死した日本兵が，米兵の前に晒されている。勇敢に最期まで国体護持の使命を全うした日本軍といった構図は真実を表したものなのか。U.S. Army Signal Corps引用. Japanese soldiers used hand grenades to commit suicide when it was clear that their final banzai attack on Attu on May 29, 1943, would fail. This photograph shows a group of approximately 40 Japanese soldiers who died in this manner; the rest were killed by Americans. The photo shows just where the soldiers fell. Later these bodies were removed and buried.
写真(上左)：1943年5月，アッツ島の米第7師団将兵の負傷者の担架輸送：Alaska's Digital Archives 引用.負傷者を後送するのは負担だが，負傷しても助かるという安心感は，戦意を高める。負傷したら死ぬしかない状況では，確実に死ねる万歳突撃は可能かもしれないが，冷徹な抵抗には繋がらない。
写真(右)：1943年5月，米軍に無傷で占領されたアッツ島の日本軍指揮所(?)跡：Alaska's Digital Archives 引用.アッツ島守備隊は，米軍が上陸してきた際の防衛陣地を構築していなかった。このような，半地下式の宿舎は，もっとも整備された日本軍の宿舎であり，守備隊司令部だったのかもしれない。しかし，無傷で米軍に占領されてしまった。初めから万歳突撃で死ぬ覚悟だったのであれば，ここで抵抗したであろう。しかし，日本軍守備隊は，援軍あるいは救援が来るまで，生き延びる覚悟だったようだ。
May 12, 1943 Carrier-based plane flew over - Fired at it.(空母艦載機の空襲。) There is a low fog and the summit is clear. Evacuated to the summit. Air raids carried out frequently. Heard land noise - it is Naval fire. Prepared battle equipment.(艦砲射撃の轟音。戦闘準備。)
May 13, 1943 The U. S. forces landed at Shiba Dai & Massacre Bay. The enemy has advanced to the bottom of Misuna Yoma from Shiba Dai. Have engaged them. On the other hand is Massacre Bay, defended by only one platoon but on the unexpected attack the AA gun (machine cannon) was destroyed and we have withdrawn. (対空機関砲は予期せぬ芸軍の攻撃で破壊され,部隊は撤退した。)At night we captured 10 rifles. There is tremenduous mountain gunfire. (夜，10丁の敵の優秀な小銃を鹵獲した。）Approximately 15 patients came into the field hospital, which is situated near the Area Engineer Unit.(工兵隊の丘で負傷した15人の患者を野戦病院に収容。)
May 28, 1943 The remaining ration is for 2 days. (残った食料割り当ては二日分のみ。)Our artillery has been completely wiped out. There is sound of trench mortars, also AA guns. (塹壕からの迫撃砲と対空機銃の音が聞こえる。)The company on the bottom of ATTU Fugi has been completely annihilated, except for one or two. 303rd Battalion has been defeated. Veneg Awa is still holding the Umanose. Continuous cases of suicide. Half of Sector Headquarters has been blown away. Heard they gave 400 shots of morphine to kill wounded. (負傷者を殺すために400本のモルヒネが配られたようだ。)Ate half-dried thistle. This first I have eaten something fresh in months, it is a delicacy. Order from the Sector Unit Commander to move hospital to the island, but it is called off.
May 29, 1943 Today at 2000 we assembled at Headquarters. The field hospital took part too. The last assault is to be carried out. (本日2000，司令部に集合。野戦病院班も集合。最期の突撃をかけなくてはならない。)All patients were made to commit suicide... Only thirty three of living and I am to die: (患者全員が自決させられた。33名が生き残ったが，私も死ぬであろう。)
I have no regrets. Banzai to the Emperor. （後悔はない。天皇陛下万歳。）I am grateful that I have kept the peace in my soul, which Ekkist bestowed upon me. At 1800 took care of all the patients with grenade . . . Goodbye Tocke my beloved wife, who loved me till the last . . . Until we meet again, grant you God speed. Mistake, who just became 4 years old will grow unhindered, I feel sorry for you, Takiko, born February this year and gone without seeing your father, Well goodbye, Mattue, brother Hokkey Sukechan, Masachm, Mitichan, goodbye. The number is this last attack is little over 1000. Will try to take enemy artillery positions. (最期の突撃は1000人を少し上回る程度。敵砲兵陣地を占領する予定。)It seems the enemy will probably make an all out attack tomorrow.(引用終わり)
米軍の鹵獲した日本軍指揮官の日記DIARY OF AN UNKNOWN JAPANESE N.C.O.HEADQUARTERS LANDING FORCE Attu Islandの記述
5/12 水曜日。 濃霧。Reveille at 0100. 濃霧のため,我々には機会がある。午前 0200敵が来て、爆弾を投下。我々は,陣地を固持。午前1000まで、敵偵察機が上空を旋回す。午前1030、敵の15隻の揚陸艇が前進してきた。第一中隊は敵への攻撃準備ができていない。午後1300ごろ、引き続き，27隻の敵船が自殺海岸と西部に上陸中との情報を得る。敵艦砲射撃。 We carried ammunition to the artillery guns without sleep.(我々は睡眠なしで火砲に弾薬を運んだ。)
5/13 木曜日 晴れ。午前 0300より敵艦砲射撃、さらに、小銃と機関銃の激しい発射音が西部で聞こえる。午前0600より、濃霧が晴れたため,約10機の敵戦闘機が我々を攻撃す。午前 0800より、敵爆撃機がわが陣地に爆弾投下。しかし、被害なし。There were several severe battles today and many bombs were dropped around our protective position for artillery. We fired 117 rounds of ammunition. From about 1100 naval guns started firing again. Fierce battle is still continuing. Our only hope is the arrival of a transport convoy and planes. We started to carry ammunition again after supper.(我が軍の希望だけ輸送船団と航空機の救援である。 我々は夕食後で弾薬を再度運び始めた。)
5/14 金曜日。濃霧。 午前 0200に朝食,そして西部の高射砲陣地に砲弾の運搬。午前0500より、艦砲射撃の音を再び聞く。 We were on security duty at a gun position on East Arm. Battle is still continuing.（我々は東部で銃座の守備任務に当たる。 戦いは継続中。）
5/17 月曜日.晴れ。 午前 0300に敵のカーチス Curtis P-40が、我々を攻撃した。敵機は10mの所を通過したので、我々は２機を撃墜した。 It seems that a fierce battle is taking place in the direction of X mountain. About 0800 enemy planes returned to strafe again. Fighting desperately. Arranged position at XX. Cannot fire the gun due to trouble. It is our last gun. (攻撃準備をしたが，火砲は故障して発砲できず。これは我が軍の最後の1門だ。）Our old position is now the enemy target. PFC Tsuchyiya has not returned yet. Sgt. Major Nishijima received an injury. At 1800 transferred patients from the hospital and assembled at the airfield.
5/24 雪と雨。 We are still receiving naval gun and machine gun and machine cannon fire. Enemy warships are patrolling the sea. Mount Hokuchin is completely covered with snow. The anticipation of two destroyers arriving here became impossible. Our only hope is reinforcement.(敵艦が海上をパトロールしている。北鎮岳は行きに覆われている。2隻の日本軍の駆逐艦が救援に来ることは不可能になった。我が軍の希望は増援部隊だけであるのに。)
5/25 火曜日。晴れ。This morning it cleared up from snow and rain and now the weather is fine. Naval guns started firing heavily early this morning. A formation of K and NA, eleven planes, dropped bombs.(海軍機の編隊11機が爆弾投下。) I am getting hungry and no rations, received only three rice-balls. (空腹であるが，もはや配給はない。おにぎり3個を受け取ったのみ。)This is the time to endure hardship and struggle through.
5/26 水曜日 晴れ。Types K, NA, and seaplanes came for bombing attack. Heard the news that transport convoy would come in.(海軍機と水上機が爆撃にやってきた。輸送船団が来航すというニュースを聞いた。)
5/27 木曜日 晴れ。Naval gun is constantly firing on us.（敵艦砲射撃をずっと受けている。） 日記はこれで終わる。
写真(右)：1943年,アッツ島で殺害された日本陸軍将兵：John Keller's Attu Scrapbook1943-1944引用。日本軍の反撃で5名を失ったジョン・ケラーの体験では,前線で負傷した兵士を病院まで運搬する手段がなかった。We had no causalities in our hospital proper. However, we lost five men during the Jap counterattack. This was because only one of our platoons of a three platoon hospital was set up and the remainder were pressed into service in the field . Many were required as litter bearers due to the fact that some patients had to be carried a mile or so from the front over very rough terrain. There was no other means of transportation.写真(上右)：日本軍玉砕後，1945年のアッツ島日本人墓地：The Japanese Cemetery at Little Falls, Attu, AK. 1945Elbert "Mac" McBride Scrapbook Dec 1944 - Oct 1945引用。アッツ島リトルフォールには，米軍将兵の墓Little Falls Cemeteryと日本人墓地があった。
写真(上左)：アッツ島日本軍守備隊の八九式7センチ半高射砲：独立野戦高射砲第三十三中隊と思われる。75ミリ高射砲がほとんど無傷で，米軍に鹵獲されている。戦利品として記念撮影。Allan R. Moore's
Attu Scrapbookより引用。戦利品としての記念撮影である。これらの日本軍の兵器は修理され,米軍が日本軍に対して使用したという。Allan was with the 7th Infantry Div., confirmed by his separation papers. His MOS was 915, which translates to "ARTILLERY MECHANIC/HEAVY-ANTI-AIRCRAFT." He repaired a variety of guns, including captured weapons that were taken so they could not be used by again by "the Jap's."Allan left for the Aleutians on April 1st, 1943.写真(上右)：アッツ島日本軍の高射砲陣地の砲座：八九式7センチ半高射砲の砲座部分で，砲身は取り外されている。米軍によれば,アッツ島の日本軍守備隊には火砲28門があった。米軍は，火砲を鹵獲していた。対空用に設置した高射砲は，航空機から発見されやすく，艦砲射撃によって沈黙させられたようだ。海岸から追い寄せる米兵には威力を発揮できなかった。
写真(上左)：アッツ島日本軍守備隊の食料物資と軍靴：食料を入れた桶と軍靴が米軍に鹵獲されているが，これらもほとんど無傷なようだ。Captured Japanese food and boots. During the battle for Attu, many GIs went days with out any...or very little...food. The Japanese soldiers were reduced to eating thistle. The man smoking a pipe in picture is Capt.Robert Schock of the 14th.John Keller's Attu Scrapbook
1943-1944引用。写真(上右)：アッツ島で米軍に鹵獲された日本陸軍の2糎高射機関砲：Attu Scrapbook1945引用。引用したスクラップを見ると，アッツ島では火砲のほか，擲弾筒や補給物資など多数が鹵獲されている。防衛のための陣地構築も，防衛計画も不十分なまま，米軍の侵攻を受けて全滅した。
写真(右)：アッツ島で集団自決した日本軍将兵の遺体MASS SUICIDE：
"Attu -- Every one a bloody, gruesome corpse with a part of his body torn away, these Japs [ Japanese ] died by their own hand in a mass suicide on Attu, in the Aleutians. Most of the Nips [ Nipponese ] died when they held hand grenades to their chests. The smoke in background rises from an American supply dump left burning by the Japs [ Japanese ].
LF 717149 WP Full DJH Credit line--WP--(Acme) 3/17/44 (RK)"
図(左)：米国エドワード・レーニング1943年作「尋問」(1943年5月アッツ玉砕後，捕虜の日本軍人への尋問)；INTERROGATION. Aleutian Islands, World War II. By Edward R. Laning, 1943.全員潔く玉砕して皇軍将兵の潔さを見せたはずが生き残り敵に降伏した敗残兵がいたとあっては日本軍の不名誉である。このように信じ込ませるには，藤田嗣治「アッツ玉砕」は殉教画であることが望まれる。戦争協力画とは，決して勇猛果敢な勝利だけを描いたものではないであろう。このように米軍の捕虜になった日本軍将兵は，日本軍上層部にとって抹殺すべき存在である。勇敢な兵士が降伏して敵の軍門に下るはずがない。捕虜を認めないのは，兵器・兵力の上で劣勢な日本軍の唯一の武器は，精神力であるからだ。最期まで戦うという気概，熱狂がなければ，到底，装備優秀な米軍に抵抗することはできない。兵力を比較して対戦したら，撤退するか，降伏するしかなくなってしまう。降伏＞投降＞捕虜を許さないという鉄の規律があってこそ，最期まで将兵を戦わせることができる。死ねば殉教者，軍神として追悼するが，降伏して生き残れば非国民として黙殺する。(生き残ったことを誹謗することはしない。全員玉砕している建前になっているのであるから。わざわざ捕虜となれば生き残れることを教えるわけはない。)
写真(上左)：アッツ島で鹵獲された写真：日本軍の作った神社：日本軍はアッツ島を「熱田島」と改称した。神社も建てたが，米軍にはほぼ無傷で占領されてしまった。 Axis History Forum Index » Japan at War 1895-1945 » North Sea Expeditionary Force:Aleutians引用。図(上右)：アッツ島日本軍の宿舎： Axis History Forum Index » Japan at War 1895-1945 » North Sea Expeditionary Force:Aleutians引用。
写真(右)：アッツ島で鹵獲された写真：日本陸軍山崎保代大佐以下の幹部将校たち： Axis History Forum Index » Japan at War 1895-1945 » North Sea Expeditionary Force:Aleutians引用。山崎保代大佐は二階級特進して中将となり，東京都府中市多磨霊園の山崎家の墓に眠る。アッツ島玉砕によれば，5月29日1435の電文で次のように述べたという。「敵陸海空の猛攻を受け、第一線両大隊は殆ど壊滅。辛うじて本一日を支ふるに至れり。野戦病院に収容中の傷病者はその場に於て、軽傷者は自ら処理せしめ、重傷者は軍医をして処理せしむ。」「非戦闘員たる軍属は各自兵器をとり、陸海軍ととも一隊を編成、攻撃隊の後方を前進せしむ。ともに生きて捕虜の辱めを受けざる様覚悟せしめたり。他に策無きにあらざるも、武人の最後を汚さんことを恐る。英魂とともに突撃せん。」5月29日1935「機密書類全部焼却、これにて無線機破壊処分す。」
写真(右)：アッツ島で米軍に発見された日本軍兵士の墓：陸軍伍長合田幸祐，伍長上田正治，兵長安井武則の墓碑。墓と米兵の空間をつめるために合成してある。"An American doughboy looks at a tiny Japanese graveyard found on Attu when he reached the west arm of Holtz Valley after a drive over the mountains to complete a victory."Cataloger's note: See also UAF-1970-11-63. The image of the soldier was removed from that image. The two are rejoined here with a small gap between.Alaska's Digital Archives引用
写真(右)：アッツ島ホルツ海岸の米兵：日本軍を殲滅した後、料理を作っている。スキーも装備している。Verso reads with gaps in narrative due to missing text (gaps and indexer inferences in brackets).
"A warm fire on Attu's chilly beach serves a double purpose. It cooks a hot meal [and] thaws out the hands of these U.S. sailors [ t]he Holtz Bay area of Attu Island, following [the l]anding there to drive out or destroy the [Japane]se garrison. Even in May that cold-weather[ ]d those skies (foreground) come in handy[ Aleu]tians.
写真(上左)：1945年、アッツ島に配備された米国海軍航空隊のロッキード社PV-1「ヴェンチュラ」哨戒機：海軍の PV-1 は1943-1945年に使用された。写真は、司令部所属の機体で、千島列島の爆撃ではなく連絡、油槽、哨戒などに従事したようだ。Robert R. Larson, a PV-1 Patrol Plane Commander (PPC) flying out of Attu from 1943-1945 identified this aircraft as probably belonging to the "Hedron" (headquarters squadron), who used it for miscellaneous duties.Robert R. Larson relates that Attu was used as a base for bombing the Kurile Islands, and that it was a long haul! His was the first Ventura squadron to operate from the bomber field. VPB-135, VPB-131, and VPB-139 also operated PV-1's there.図(上右)：1945年冬、アッツ島に配備されたロッキード社P-38「ライトニング」戦闘機の事故：双発長距離戦闘機で、高速であった。しかし、それでも、気象条件の厳しいアッツ島では事故、故障など戦闘以外の理由で多数の損失を被ったようだ。The P-38 "Little Butch" had ventured over to Attu in the winter of 1945. During it's visit it skidded off the runway and landed in a ditch. George Villasenor, a Naval Aerial Photographer on Attu at the time, was sent to photograph the incident. Check the Shemya WWII pages for additional photos of "Little Butch." (George Villasenor：
George Villasenor, enlisted at the age of 16, was stationed on Attu in 1945 as a Naval Aerial Photographer at the age of 17 (or 18).
写真(右の左)：1941-42年のPBYカタリナ飛行艇の搭乗員たちLT. William Thies - VP41 - Fleet Air Wing 4 - The Aleutians 1941 - 1942；Flying in one of the most unforgiving climates and against targets far from the tropical islands mainly associated with the Pacific, he was positioned by chance to make a significant contribution to the American effort. As a result he and his crew helped save the lives of many U.S. pilots later in the war. PBY飛行艇は，不時着した多数の米軍搭乗員を救助もしている。アッツ島の日本軍も救援を心待ちにして，頑強に戦った。必ず友軍が助けに来てくれるという信頼こそが，将兵の士気を高く維持する。写真(上右)：1945年撮影のアリューシャン列島に配備された米海軍航空隊Consolidated PB4Y-2 "Privateer"：B24「リベレーター」重爆撃機を改造した哨戒機「プライバティア」で，1943年9月20日初飛行。This is a photo by George Villasenor of a Navy PB4Y Privateer. This aircraft was originally derived from the Army Air Force's B-24D. Attu, AK. Circa 1945.発動機 Pratt & Whitney 1350馬力 R-1830-94 Twin Wasp engines 4基，最高速度: 237 mph，航続距離: 2,800 miles，重量: 空虚重量 37,485 lbs; 最大重量 (Take-off) 65,000 lbs，全幅: 110 ft 高さ 30 ft 1 inch，全長： 74 ft 7 in.
アッツ島を奪還した米軍は，設営部隊である陸軍工兵隊army engineersと海軍シービーズnaval seabeesを増強して，アッツ島に飛行場建設を開始した。戦闘機用滑走路を West Holtz (Addison Valley)とAlexai Pointに完成させた。後者はすぐに爆撃機用滑走路に拡張された。1943年6月10日，アッツ占領から1ヶ月も経過しないで，陸軍第11航空軍は日本本土を空襲した。8期のB25爆撃機がアッツ島を飛び立ち，千島列島の最北端パラムシロ島Paramushiroを攻撃した。これは，ドーリットル空襲(1942/4/18)以来第二回目の本土空襲である。1943年9月11日，B-25爆撃機12機，B-24重爆撃機8機は，アッツからパラムシロを攻撃したが，日本軍の反撃で爆撃機3機を失い，損傷した7機の重爆撃機はシベリアに不時着し乗員はソ連に抑留された。
写真(右)：1943年8月，キスカ島を艦砲射撃した巡洋艦の薬莢；キスカ島の日本軍が撤退していることを知らないで、艦砲射撃をした。情報収集に完全に失敗した。引用。
写真(上左)：1943年夏，キスカ島で日本軍の放置した食事を食べる米軍将兵：米国無条件降伏,米英撃滅の殴り書きは、撤退する日本軍が米軍将兵へのメッセージとして残したものであろう。このような食糧補給状態の情報をすべて残すとは、情報戦では考えられない失策である。爆破するには準備も、火薬も無かったのか。Alaska's Digital Archives 引用。写真(上右)：キスカ島で鹵獲された日本軍の車両：北方の島にまで車両を持ち込んでいるが,貨物輸送よりも高級将校の贅沢な移動手段として使用されたのであろう。Alaska's Digital Archives 引用.
写真(上左)：キスカ島の日本海軍特殊潜航艇の残骸：キスカ島の撤退は，米軍に探知されることなく成功した。しかし，島には大小各種の兵器,物資,情報となる資材・資料を放置したまま撤退している。これは，米軍の情報源となった。図(上右)：キスカ島に現在も残された日本の輸送船：Shipwrecks of the Aleutian and Pribilof Islands引用。米国領ということもあり,アリューシャン列島に関する政府機関、米国人旅行ホームページは充実している。
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